The Institute of Medicine DRI report concluded that there was insufficient scientific evidence for recommendations of an upper limit of protein intake but suggested an acceptable macronutrient distribution range of 10–35% of total energy for protein intake. In the following review, high protein (HP) diets will be defined as a daily consumption of greater than or equal to 1.5 g/kg/day, which is almost twice the current Recommended Dietary Allowance but within the range of current Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for protein. This review will consider research regarding the role of dietary protein in chronic kidney disease, normal renal function and kidney stone formation and evaluate the collective body of literature to ascertain whether habitual consumption of dietary protein in excess of what is recommended warrants a health concern in terms of the initiation and promotion of renal disease. The purpose of this paper is to review the available evidence regarding the effects of protein intake on renal function with particular emphasis on renal disease. In fact, studies suggest that hyperfiltration in response to various physiological stimuli is a normal adaptative mechanism. The real question, however, is whether research in healthy individuals supports this notion. Media releases often conclude that, "too much protein stresses the kidney". At the center of the controversy is the concern that habitual consumption of dietary protein in excess of recommended amounts promotes chronic renal disease through increased glomerular pressure and hyperfiltration. While protein restriction may be appropriate for treatment of existing kidney disease, we find no significant evidence for a detrimental effect of high protein intakes on kidney function in healthy persons after centuries of a high protein Western diet.ĭietary protein intake and renal functionĭietary protein intake can modulate renal function and its role in renal disease has spawned an ongoing debate in the literature. This paper reviews the available evidence that increased dietary protein intake is a health concern in terms of the potential to initiate or promote renal disease. In fact, some studies suggest that hyperfiltration, the purported mechanism for renal damage, is a normal adaptative mechanism that occurs in response to several physiological conditions. There is, however, a serious question as to whether there is significant evidence to support this relationship in healthy individuals. In particular, there is concern that high protein intake may promote renal damage by chronically increasing glomerular pressure and hyperfiltration. As a result, the safety of habitually consuming dietary protein in excess of recommended intakes has been questioned. Recent trends in weight loss diets have led to a substantial increase in protein intake by individuals.
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